GED210 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Unit 2 Exam
- One goal of anthropological linguistics is to determine the number of phonemes (phoneticstructure) that exist in different languages. This goal is accomplished by employing the use of:
- minimal pairs
- phone taps
- maximal differences
- syntax units
- The word “lower” contains:
- two bound morphemes
- two bound phonemes
- two free morphemes
- one bound morpheme and one free morpheme
- The words “boy” and “girl” are:
- bound phonemes
- bound morphemes
- free morphemes
- bound phones
- An example of a bound morpheme in English is:
- the phrase “boys will be boys”
- the word “boys”
- the word “boy”
- the “s” in the word “boys”
- How many morphemes are there in the English word “antidisestablishmentarianism”?
- The goal of ethno semantics is to understand:
- that reality is inherently unorganized and can be perceived in any way; thus, color
naming, plant classification, and time categories are completely arbitrary
- the meanings of words, phrases, and sentences and how members of other societies use
language to organize things, events, and behaviors
- that languages and behavior are the same
- that classification systems in all societies are random
- Linguistic anthropologists find that people who are forced to abandon their native language and culture:
- begin to lose their self-esteem
- all speak English
- are better off socially and economically
- easily regain both in 100 years
- The concept of ____________ maintains that societal change occurs when societies borrow cultural traits from one another.
- functionalism
- structuralism
- evolutionary dispersal
- diffusionism
- The body of anthropological theory concerned with the spread of technology, religion, economic systems, art forms, and other expressions of culture is known as:
- idealism
- particularism
- functionalism
- diffusionism
- Grafton Eliot Smith and William Perry, major figures associated with the school of British diffusionism in the early 20th century, proposed that:
- each culture has a key personality type
- a culture can only be interpreted in the context of its own historical development
- culture’s principal function is establishing institutions to guide behavior
- all aspects of civilization are derived from the culture of ancient Egypt
- In order for diffusionism to work as envisioned by the British and German schools, adherents had to assume or maintain all of the following ideas except:
- some peoples were not sufficiently innovative to develop their own cultural traits
- inherent inferiority of different non-western peoples was assumed
- cultural traits that were diffused were part of the technological dimension of the society
- cultural traits in the same geographical region would inevitably spread from one society to another
- One of boas’ principal criticisms of nineteenth century anthropologists was that:
- they failed to make use of archaeological evidence for pre-literate societies
- their theories were based on “armchair anthropology” and not their own fieldwork
- there was too much cultural relativism in their interpretations
- they failed to assign adequate importance to biological effects on culture
- According to Franz Boas, in order to conduct a historical particularist study of a society, one must adopt the notion of ___________, or the belief that each society should be understood in terms of its own cultural practices and values.
- particular evolution
- cultural relativism
- lagged diffusionism
- functionalism
- During your lifetime you will probably be a member of two families, the family of orientation (the family into which you were born and enculturated) and the family of __________ (the family in which you will have or adopt children).
- acculturation
- deculturation
- procreation
- life
- Which of the following is not a function of the family?
- nurture and enculturation of children
- regulation of sexual activity
- protection and support for members
- regulation of statuses, roles, and gender
- A typical ____________ family consists of two parents and their immediate biological offspring or adopted children.
- basic
- atomic
- extended
- nuclear
- Marriage within the same social group or category is __________, while __________ is marriage between people from different social categories or groups.
- incest; outcest
- endogamy; exogamy
- in-marriage; out-marriage
- monogamy; polygamy
- From a female perspective, you will be a daughter and possibly a mother and wife. As such, you assume what are called __________ roles that correspond to these different status positions.
- family
- social
- gender
- temporary
- The relationship between age and status is an anthropologically interesting subject. Which of the following statements concerning age and status is correct?
- Since age is biologically determined, the statuses attached to each age category are the same in every culture around the world.
- The elderly occupy a high level of status in all societies.
- Anthropologists doing cross-cultural research have found that age does not influence status; statuses are either ascribed at birth or earned during one’s lifetime, and they donot change even if one ages.
- Anthropologists have found that age stratification varies in accordance with the level of technological development; the elderly have relatively high status in many preindustrial societies, but experience a loss of status in most industrial societies.
- “Fission” and “fusion” in hunting and gathering societies refer to:
- hazards of contacts with the industrialized world
- cyclical change in population density relative to resources
- decision-making processes used by tribal leaders
- the dynamics of wild plant resources
- Hunting and gathering societies will sometimes resort to infanticide in order to:
- engage in more frequent intercourse
- supplement scarce hunting resources
- reduce the effects of anticipated food shortages
- make sacrifices to tribal gods
- Which of the following would not have the effect of lowering fertility?
- marriage at an older age
- weaning babies at an older age
- practicing infanticide
- an earlier onset of menarche
- The most likely reason why hunter-gatherer technology is limited to simple tools made of stone, wood, and bone is because foraging peoples:
- lack the basic intelligence necessary to make anything more complex
- are too busy looking for food to spend time on more advanced tools
- have not acquired knowledge of more sophisticated technologies
- substitute profound knowledge of their environment for complex tools
- The principal technology used for obtaining plant foods by tropical foragers is the:
- boomerang
- blowgun and darts
- polished stone axe
- digging stick
- The _________ produced the most extensive material culture found among hunting and gathering societies.
- Kung San
- Eskimo
- Shoshone
- Mbuti